PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
SOCIAL INTERACTIONS (social networks and interaction)
READING
COGNITIVE LEISURE ACTIVITIES
BRAIN EXERCISES
MILD REGULAR ALCOHOL INTAKE
OTHER THINGS THAT MAY HELP:
*Aspirin a day if not contraindicated because of some medical problem
*Get rid of cardiovascular risk factors: high blood pressure, abnormally high cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, smoking, obesity
Good glucose control among those with diabetes
THINGS THAT DON'T HELP
• Watching TV
• Vitamin E
• Ginko
• Vitamin C
• Gogi Juice
• Glacial Milk
• Garlic
REFERENCES
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
• Ravaglia, G., Forti, P., Lucicesare, A., Pisacane, N., Rietti, E., Bianchin, M., Dalmonte, E. (2008). Physical activity and dementia risk in the elderly: Findings from a prospective Italian study. Neurology 70: 1786-1794 view link
• Sumic, A., Michael, Y. L., Carlson, N. E., Howieson, D. B., Kaye, J. A. (2007). Physical Activity and the Risk of Dementia in Oldest Old. J Aging Health 19: 242-259 view link
• Larson, E. B., Wang, L., Bowen, J. D., McCormick, W. C., Teri, L., Crane, P., Kukull, W. (2006). Exercise Is Associated with Reduced Risk for Incident Dementia among Persons 65 Years of Age and Older. ANN INTERN MED 144: 73-81 view link
* Podewils, L. J., Guallar, E., Kuller, L. H., Fried, L. P., Lopez, O. L., Carlson, M., Lyketsos, C. G. (2005). Physical Activity, APOE Genotype, and Dementia Risk: Findings from the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study. Am J Epidemiol 161: 639-651 view link
• van Gelder, B. M., Tijhuis, M. A.R., Kalmijn, S., Giampaoli, S., Nissinen, A., Kromhout, D. (2004). Physical activity in relation to cognitive decline in elderly men: The FINE Study. Neurology 63: 2316-2321 view link
• Abbott, R. D., White, L. R., Ross, G. W., Masaki, K. H., Curb, J. D., Petrovitch, H. (2004). Walking and Dementia in Physically Capable Elderly Men. JAMA 292: 1447-1453 view link
READING
• Jacobs, J. M., Hammerman-Rozenberg, R., Cohen, A., Stessman, J. (2008). Reading Daily Predicts Reduced Mortality Among Men From a Cohort of Community-Dwelling 70-Year-Olds. J. Gerontol. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci. 63: S73-S80 view link
SOCIAL INTERACTIONS (social networks and interaction)
• Ybarra, O., Burnstein, E., Winkielman, P., Keller, M. C., Manis, M., Chan, E., Rodriguez, J. (2008). Mental Exercising Through Simple Socializing: Social Interaction Promotes General Cognitive Functioning. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 34: 248-259 view link
• Stine-Morrow, E. A. L., Parisi, J. M., Morrow, D. G., Greene, J., Park, D. C. (2007). An Engagement Model of Cognitive Optimization Through Adulthood. J. Gerontol. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci. 62: 62-69 view link
• Arkin, S. (2007). Language-enriched exercise plus socialization slows cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.. AM J ALZHEIMERS DIS OTHER DEMEN 22: 62-77 view link
• Beland, F., Zunzunegui, M.-V., Alvarado, B., Otero, A., del Ser, T. (2005). Trajectories of Cognitive Decline and Social Relations. J. Gerontol. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci. 60: P320-P330 view link
• Glei, D. A, Landau, D. A, Goldman, N., Chuang, Y.-L., Rodriguez, G., Weinstein, M. (2005). Participating in social activities helps preserve cognitive function: an analysis of a longitudinal, population-based study of the elderly. Int J Epidemiol 34: 864-871 view link
• Barnes, L. L., Mendes de Leon, C. F., Wilson, R. S., Bienias, J. L., Evans, D. A. (2004). Social resources and cognitive decline in a population of older African Americans and whites. Neurology 63: 2322-2326 view link
COGNITIVE LEISURE ACTIVITIES
• Helzner, E. P., Scarmeas, N., Cosentino, S., Portet, F., Stern, Y. (2007). Leisure Activity and Cognitive Decline in Incident Alzheimer Disease. Arch Neurol 64: 1749-1754 [Abstract] [Full Text]
• Fritsch, T., Smyth, K. A., Debanne, S. M., Petot, G. J., Friedland, R. P. (2005). Participation in Novelty-Seeking Leisure Activities and Alzheimer's Disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 18: 134-141 [Abstract]
• Vinkers, D. J., Gussekloo, J., Westendorp, R. G.J., Epstein, E. F., Verghese, J., Kuslansky, G., Lipton, R. B. (2003). Leisure Activities and the Risk of Dementia. NEJM 349: 1290-1292 [Full Text]
• Verghese J, Lipton RB, Katz MJ, Hall CB, Derby CA, Kuslansky G, Ambrose AF, Sliwinski M, Buschke H. Leisure activities and the risk of dementia in the elderly. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jun 19;348(25):2508-16.
Years of Education
• Hall, C. B., Derby, C., LeValley, A., Katz, M. J., Verghese, J., Lipton, R. B. (2007). Education delays accelerated decline on a memory test in persons who develop dementia. Neurology 69: 1657-1664 [Abstract] [Full Text]
BRAIN EXERCISES
• Arkin, S. (2007). Language-enriched exercise plus socialization slows cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.. AM J ALZHEIMERS DIS OTHER DEMEN 22: 62-77 [Abstract]
• Boron, J. B., Willis, S. L., Schaie, K. W. (2007). Cognitive Training Gain as a Predictor of Mental Status. J. Gerontol. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci. 62: P45-P52 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Very Advanced Age (those who get to extreme old age do so because of some immunity or resistance to Alzheimer’s)
• Hall, C. B., Verghese, J., Sliwinski, M., Chen, Z., Katz, M., Derby, C., Lipton, R. B. (2005). Dementia incidence may increase more slowly after age 90: Results from the Bronx Aging Study. Neurology 65: 882-886 [Abstract] [Full Text]
THINGS THAT DON'T HELP
view linkWatching television (duh!)
• Valenzuela, M. J., Sachdev, P., Rundek, T., Bennett, D. A. (2006). Cognitive leisure activities, but not watching TV, for future brain benefits.. Neurology 67: 729-729 [Full Text]
Vitamin E
• Vitamin E and Donepezil for the Treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment Petersen RC, Thomas RG, Grundman M, Bennett D, Doody R, Ferris S, Galasko D, Jin S, Kaye J, Levey A, Pfeiffer E, Sano M, van Dyck CH, Thal LJ PDF N Engl J Med 352:2379,
